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VOCABULARIES
Understanding the vocabularies
In the Ido-English vocabulary, the division of Ido words into their elements
is shown by a full sto (US: period). This is just for the benefit of users
and is not the way in which the words are normally written.
Where there might be doubt as to whether a verb is transitive or intransitive
an indication is given. Some verbs (for example, movar) are both
transitive and intransitive, meaning that they may be used in either way.
For some intransitive verbs (which cannot take a direct object) the
preposition normally used after the verb has been given where this is
likely to be helpful.
In view of the ambiguity of many English words, in both vocabularies every
effort has been made to indicate in parentheses which meaning is intended.
However, where several English words are given as equivalents of an Ido word,
they must be understood as together showing the meaning of any one of them
which on its own would be ambiguous. Different meanings of a word are
separated with a semi-colon, while synonyms and near-synonyms are separated
with a comma. US usage is indicated by (US).
Abbreviations include:
adj. = adjective; adv. = adverb;
conj. = conjunction; fig. = figurative(ly);
intr. = intransitive; n. = noun;
prep. = preposition; pron. = pronoun;
tr. = transitive; tr./intr. = transitive or intransitive;
v. = verb.
Ido-English
A
a (= ad) (prep.) to
-ab- (verbal suffix: see grammar)
abandon.ar to abandon, forsake
abon.ar to subscribe to (a periodical, etc.)
absent.a absent
absolut.a absolute, unrestricted
absorb.ar to absorb; (fig.) engross
absurd.a absurd, preposterous
acend.ar to light (a lamp, a fire), set alight; (fig.) inflame (passion)
acens.ar (tr./intr.) to go up, ascend, mount
acept.ar to accept; receive (a guest)
-ach- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
acident.o accident (good or bad; also philos.); mishap
ad (= a) (prep.) to
-ad- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ad.en into
ad.junt.ar to add, join (something to something else)
ad.vok.ar to hail, call (to)
adapt.ar (tr.) to adapt
adicion.ar (tr.) to add (numbers)
adjektiv.o adjective
administr.ar to administer, manage
admir.ar to admire
admis.ar to admit (let in)
adopt.ar to adopt (opinion, belief, child); agree upon
adres.o address (on letter etc)
adult.a adult
adverb.o adverb
aer.o air
aeroplan.o aeroplane, (US) airplane
afabl.a affable, amiable
afer.o affair, matter; business
Afrik.a Africa
-ag- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ag.ar (tr./intr.) to do, act
agnosk.ar to acknowledge, admit
agost.o August
agr.o field, piece of ground
agreabl.a agreeable, pleasant
-aj- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
akompan.ar to accompany (also mus.), escort
aktiv.a active
aktor.o actor, actress
aktual.a existing now, current, actual
akut.a sharp, acute (also fig. of sound, pain, sickness, accent)
akuz.ar to accuse
al (= a la) to the
-al- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
al.o wing (also fig. of aeroplane, army, building, windmill, etc.)
alberg.o inn
alfabet.o alphabet
alonge alongside, along
alt.a high (dimension, sound or pressure), tall
alternativ.o alternative
altr.a other, another
altr.u another person
am.ar to love, like very much
am.o love
Amerik.a America (the continent)
amas.o mass, pile, heap
amator.o amateur
amb.a both
ambigu.a ambiguous
amik.o friend
amuz.ar to amuse, entertain
an (prep.) at, on (indicates contiguity, juxtaposition)
-an- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ancien.a old (opposite of new)
angl.a English
Angli.a England
angul.o angle, corner
animal.o animal
anke, ank (adv.) also
ankore, ankor (adv.) still, yet
ankor.foy.e again
anorak.o anorak
ante (prep.) before (of time), earlier than
ante.a former, previous
anticip.ar to anticipate
antiqu.a antique, ancient, of a former epoch
anunc.ar to announce
apar.ar to appear
aparat.o apparatus
apart.a apart, separate
apartament.o apartment, flat
aparten.ar to belong
apene, apen (adv.) hardly, scarcely
apert.ar (tr.) to open
aplast.ar to crush, squash; (fig.) oppress
aplaud.ar to applaud
aplik.ar to apply (also fig.), lay on
apog.ar (tr.) to support, prop (up); base (one thing on another)
april.o April
aprob.ar (tr.) to approve of
apt.a apt, suitable
apud (prep.) next to, beside
apud.a adjacent
apunt.ar (tr.) to aim at (with a camera, gun etc.)
aqu.o water
aquir.ar to acquire, get
-ar- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
arab.a Arabic
Arabi.a Arabia
aranj.ar to arrange
arbor.o tree; axletree, shaft (revolving rod)
arbust.o shrub, small bush
ardu.a rugged; arduous, hard
are.o area, extent of surface
argument.ar (intr.) to argue (a case, using reason)
-ari- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ariv.ar to arrive
arjent.o silver
arm.o weapon, arm
armor.o cupboard
art.o art
artikl.o article (newspaper, etc; grammar)
asert.ar to assert (make an assertion, state as a fact)
asist.ar (tr.) to attend (be present at)
askolt.ar (tr.) to listen to
aspekt.ar to look (like), appear (have an appearance)
aston.ar to astonish, amaze
atak.ar to attack
atenc.ar to pay attention to, heed
ating.ar to attain, reach
-atr- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
atrakt.ar to attract, draw
aud.ar to hear
audac.ar (tr.) to dare, be so bold as
augment.ar (tr./intr.) to increase, augment
Australi.a Australia
Austri.a Austria
autobus.o bus (vehicle)
automobil.o car, motor-car, automobile
autor.o author; (fig.) creator
autun.o autumn, (US) fall (season)
av.o grandparent
avan (prep.) in front of, ahead of, before (in space)
avanc.ar (tr./intr.) to advance (in space or time)
avantaj.o advantage
avar.a miserly, avaricious
aventur.o adventure
avert.ar (tr.) to give notice to or apprise (of a future event or possibility), warn
Azi.a Asia
B
bagaj.o luggage, baggage
bak.ar (tr.) to bake
bald.e (adv.) soon
baln.ar (tr.) to bathe
balon.o ball (hollow, air-filled); balloon
bank.o bank (financial)
bar.ar to bar, stop up (a way, a route)
barb.o beard
bas.a low (dimension, sound or pressure)
basen.o basin (pan; catchment area of river; geol.)
baston.o stick, staff; cudgel; cue; pole
bat.ar to beat, strike repeatedly
batali.ar (intr.) to battle
batel.o boat
bateri.o battery (elec.; milit.)
bay.o bay (of sea)
baz.o base (lowest part); (fig.) basis, foundation
bel.a fine, beautiful, handsome
belg.a Belgian
Belgi.a Belgium
bend.o strip, stripe, band
benign.a kind, benign; mild (of medicines, diseases)
benk.o bench (long seat)
ber.o berry
beton.o concrete (building material)
bezon.ar to need
bibliotek.o library (establishment); book-case
bicikl.o bicycle
biliet.o ticket, pass, written order
bir.o beer
bisquit.o biscuit, (US) cookie
bitr.a bitter (lit. & fig.)
blam.ar to blame
blank.a white; (fig.) blank
blind.a blind
blok.o block, lump
blu.a blue
bok.o mouth; opening, entrance (volcano, harbour, etc)
bol.o bowl
boli.ar (intr.) to boil
bon.a good
bon.ven.ig.ar to welcome
bonbon.o sweet (confection)
bord.o border, edge, brink, brim
bosk.o (a) wood (trees)
botel.o bottle
bov.o bull (bovulo) or cow (bovino)
braki.o arm (anat.; fig.)
branch.o branch (also geom., geneal.)
brav.a brave
brik.o brick
bril.ar (intr.) to shine
Britani.a (Great) Britain
bros.ar to brush
bruis.ar (intr.) to make a noise
brul.ar (tr./intr.) to burn (also fig.)
brun.a brown
bul.o ball
burs.o purse; wallet, (US) pocket book
butik.o shop, store
buton.o button
butr.o butter
bux.o box
C
ca (=ica) this (adj.)
ced.ar (tr.) to cede, yield, give up
cel.ar (tr.) to hide, conceal, secrete
celebr.ar to celebrate, commemorate
cent hundred
centr.o centre, (US) center (also fig.)
cert.a certain, sure
certen.a a certain, a particular
ces.ar (tr./intr.) to cease
chambr.o room, chamber; house (of parliament)
chanc.o chance, (good or bad) luck, likelihood
chanj.ar (tr./intr.) to change
chapel.o hat (with a brim)
chapitr.o chapter (of a book)
charm.ar to charm, delight
chas.ar to chase; hunt
che (prep.) at, in, to (someone in his or her house, home or place), with (a people, in respect of their customs)
chef.a chief, leading
chef.o leader, chief, head
chek.o cheque, (US) check (financial)
cher.a costly, dear, expensive
Chini.a China
chip.a cheap, inexpensive
ci these (pron.)
ciel.o sky; heaven
cienc.o science
cirkl.o circle
cirkond.ar to surround
cirkonstanc.o circumstance
cirkum (prep.) about, around
co (= ico) this (thing)
D
da (prep.) by (indicates the doer of an action)
dal (= da la) by the (indicating doer)
damzel.o miss, maid (unmarried woman)
dan.a Danish
Dani.a Denmark
danjer.o danger, peril, jeopardy
dank.ar to thank
dans.ar (tr./intr.) to dance
darf.ar to be permitted, may
dat.o date (calendar)
de (prep.) from (indicating starting point, origin or derivation); of (where an amount is indicated; e.g. 'peco de pano', 'glaso de aquo')
de.pos (prep.) since
de.o God, (a) god
deb.ar to owe (something to someone), be under obligation
decembr.o December
decens.ar (tr./intr.) to descend, go down, move down
decept.ar to disappoint
decid.ar to decide, settle
defekt.o defect, flaw
defens.ar to defend
defi.ar to defy, challenge, dare
defin.ar to define, state the meaning of
dejun.ar to (have) lunch
dek ten
del (= de la) from the
demand.ar (tr.) to ask for
demand.o request
demision.ar to resign (from a position, office or job)
demolis.ar to demolish
demonstr.ar (tr.) to demonstrate (show by reason; make evident)
dens.a dense, crowded; thick (of a liquid)
dent.o tooth (also fig.)
depart.ar (de) to depart (intr.)
depend.ar (de; di) to depend (be influenced or determined; rely on for support)
deriv.ar to derive (gram., math., etc)
des- (pref.) (see list of prefixes)
des.apar.ar to disappear
des.facil.a difficult
des.kovr.ar to discover, uncover
desegn.ar to draw (sketch)
deskript.ar to describe
destrukt.ar to destroy
detal.o detail
determin.ar to determine, ascertain definitely, settle conclusively
dev.ar to be obliged, have a duty
dev.as ought, should, must (as an obligation)
dev.o obligation, duty
develop.ar (tr.) to develop
dextr.a right (opposite of left)
dezert.a deserted, desert
dezert.o desert, wilderness
dezir.ar to desire
di (prep.) of (indicates possession or association)
di.o day (of 24 hours)
dic.ar to say, tell
difer.ar to differ
difuz.ar (tr.) to disperse, spread, diffuse
dik.a thick
dil (= di la) of the
diminut.ar (tr./intr.) to lessen, decrease, diminish
din.a thin (lean)
direcion.o direction (two-way), bearing (both ways)
direkt.ar to direct, manage, conduct
diret.a direct (opposite of indirect)
diret.e directly, straight (adv.)
dis- (prep.) (see list of prefixes)
disip.ar to squander, waste, dissipate
diskut.ar to discuss
dispers.ar (tr.) to scatter, disperse
disput.ar (intr.) to quarrel, have a dispute
dist.ar to be at a distance
dist.o distance
distrakt.ar to distract, divert attention of; (fig.) amuse
distribut.ar to apportion, distribute, dispense
distrikt.o district (area of jurisdiction)
diven.ar to become, get (intr.)
diverg.ar to diverge
divers.a various, sundry, diverse
divid.ar (tr.) to divide
divin.ar to guess
doc.ar to teach (something)
dolc.a sweet, pleasant
dolor.ar (intr.) to feel pain, hurt
dom.o house (dwelling; building for a specific purpose)
domaj.ar to damage, harm, impair, spoil
don.ar to give (general sense)
donac.ar to give (as a gift), donate
dop (prep.) behind
dorm.ar to sleep
dors.o back (of body, hand etc)
drink.ar to drink
drol.a funny, humorous
dron.ar (tr.) to drown
du two
du.esm.a second (adj.)
du.im.o half (n.)
du.opl.a double (adj.)
dubit.ar (intr.) to doubt
dukt.ar to lead
dum (prep.) during
dum ke (konj.) while, whilst
dum.e (adv.) meanwhile, meantime
dur.ar to last, continue, endure
durst.ar to thirst
E
e (= ed) and
-e- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
-ebl- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ecept.ar to leave out, except, exclude
eces.ar to exceed, be excessive
ecit.ar to excite, arouse
ed (= e) and
-ed- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
edit.ar to publish (print and sell)
eduk.ar to educate, bring up (people); rear, raise (animals, plants)
efac.ar to erase, efface (also fig.)
efekt.o effect
efik.ar to be effectual
efik.iv.a effective, efficacious
-eg- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
egal.a equal
egal.es.o equality
egard.ar to pay regard to, take into account
Egipti.a Egypt
ek (prep.) out of (from), out from
el (= elu) (pron.) she, her
elastik.a elastic, springy
elekt.ar to elect (someone by vote)
elektr.o electricity
elev.ar to elevate, raise and set up
elu (pron.) she, her
elu.a her (possessive), hers
-em- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
emfaz.ar to emphasize, stress
employ.ar to employ (someone)
en (prep.) in
en.ir.ar to enter
en.ter.ig.ar to bury, inter
-end- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
enemik.o enemy, foe
energi.o energy
engaj.ar to engage, hire (someone), enlist (someone, milit.)
enigmat.o puzzle, enigma
entuziasm.ar to enthuse (intr.), be enthusiastic
entuziasm.o enthusiasm
envidi.ar to envy, be envious of
-er- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
-eri- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
erod.ar (tr.) to erode
eror.ar to err, be mistaken
es (= es.as) am, is, are
-es- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
es.ar to be
esforc.ar to strive, endeavour, (US) endeavor
-esk- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
eskaler.o staircase, stairs
eskap.ar (tr./intr.) to escape (from), evade (someone or something)
eskarp.a steep (of slopes)
eskombr.o rubbish, refuse
-esm- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
esper.ar (tr./intr.) to hope (for)
est.o east
estim.ar to esteem, hold in high regard
-et- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
etaj.o storey, floor (of a building); tier
Europ.a Europe
ev.ar (tr./intr.) to be (some length of time) old, be aged (some length of time)
ev.o age
event.ar to happen, occur, come about
evident.a obvious, evident
evit.ar to avoid, evade, shun, obviate
exajer.ar to exaggerate
exakt.a accurate, exact (faithful to the facts), faithful (of a copy)
examen.ar to examine (test someone)
exempl.o example
exempler.o copy (of a book, newspaper, etc)
exist.ar to exist
exkav.ar to excavate
exkluz.ar to exclude, debar
exkuz.ar to excuse (seek pardon for)
exkuz.ar su to apologise
expekt.ar to expect
experienc.ar to experience
expert.a expert (adj.)
explik.ar to explain
explor.ar to investigate, examine, explore, reconnoitre, (US) reconnoiter
exploz.ar (intr.) to explode
expres.ar to express (an idea, thought, feeling etc)
extens.ar (tr.) to extend, stretch, spread
exter (prep.) outside, (US) outside of; besides
exter.land.a foreign, external (abroad)
exting.ar (tr./intr.) to extinguish, put out, quench (also fig.)
extrem.a extreme, utmost
-ey- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
F
fab.o bean
fabrik.ar to manufacture
fac.ar to make (an object); do (an act)
facil.a easy (to do)
fair.o fire (also fig.)
fak.o (anything portioned off) compartment, branch, department, speciality, stall (in a stable)
fakt.o fact
faktur.o invoice, bill
fal.ar to fall, fall down
fald.ar (tr.) to fold
fali.ar (tr./intr.) to fail, miss (an aim); (com.) become insolvent
fals.a false, spurious
fam.o fame
famili.o family (also bot., zool.), kin
familiar.a familiar
fang.o mud, mire
farb.o paint
farin.o flour
fatig.ar (tr.) to tire, fatigue, weary
favor.ar to favour
febl.a weak, feeble, feint
februar.o February
felic.a happy (of a person)
femin.a female, feminine
fenc.o fence
fend.ar (tr.) to split, slit
fenestr.o window
fer.o iron
ferm.a firm, steady (also fig.)
feroc.a ferocious
fid.ar (intr.) (ad ulu od ulo) to trust, have faith, have confidence
fidel.a faithful, true, trusty
fier.a proud
fil.o thread; yarn; (metal-fil.o) wire
fili.o child (son or daughter)
fili.in.o daughter
fili.ul.o son
fin.ar (tr./intr.) to end, finish
fingr.o finger; (ped-fingr.o) toe
firm.o firm (commercial)
fish.o fish
fit.ar (intr.) to fit; suit (as to shape or size)
fix.a fixed (of a star, look, idea, etc)
flak.o puddle, small pool
flam.o flame
flank.o side (as distinct from front or back), breast (of ship), flank (of army)
flar.ar to scent, smell (an odour, an object)
flav.a yellow
fleg.ar to nurse, care for (a child, a sick person)
flex.ar (tr./intr.) to bend, bow
flor.o flower, bloom
flotac.ar (intr.) to float
flu.ar to flow
flug.ar (intr.) to fly
fluid.a fluid
fluktu.ar to move to and fro, fluctuate, waver (also fig.)
fluvi.o (large) river (flowing into the sea)
fol.a crazy, mad; (fig.) foolish
foli.o leaf (plant or book), sheet (paper etc)
for (prep.) away from, far from
for.a remote, distant
for.e (far) away
forc.o force (mechanical)
forest.o forest
fork.o pitchfork or similar fork (also fig.)
fork.et.o (table) fork
form.o shape, form, conformation, (fig.) mode, appearance
formac.ar to shape, form
formik.o ant
forn.o oven; kiln
forsan (adv.) perhaps, maybe
fort.a strong (also fig.)
fortun.o good luck, good fortune
fortun.oz.a lucky, fortunate
fos.o pit, hole (in the ground)
fotograf.ar to photograph
foy.o time (in counting), occasion (in repetition), turn
frajil.a fragile
franc.a French
Franci.a France
frap.ar to strike, hit, knock, slap
frat.o brother or sister, sibling
frat.in.o sister
frat.ul.o brother
fraud.ar to defraud, cheat
fraz.o sentence (gram.), phrase (mus.)
fren.o brake
fresh.a fresh
frit.ar (tr.) to fry
frivol.a (of a person) frivolous; (of a thing) trifling, pointless
fromaj.o cheese
front.o forehead; (fig.) front
frost.ar (intr.) to freeze
frot.ar (tr.) to rub
fru.a early (adj.)
frukt.o fruit (also fig.)
fum.ar (tr./intr.) to smoke
funcion.ar to function (all senses), act (as)
fund.o bottom, lowest part (of something hollow, of a vase, of a well, of a sea); (fig.) background
fundament.o foundation, that on which anything rests, (fig.) basis
furi.ar to be enraged or furious
furnis.ar to furnish, provide or supply (something to someone)
furt.ar to steal, thieve
fush.ar (tr.) to botch, bungle
futbal.o football (game)
futur.a future
futur.o future (also the tense)
fuz.ar (tr.) to melt
G
gamb.o leg
gan.ar to gain, earn, win
gard.ar to guard (persons); tend (animals)
garden.o garden
gas.o gas
gast.o guest
gay.a merry, gay, cheerful
gener.al.a general (adj.), generic
genitor.o parent
genu.o knee
german.a German
Germani.a Germany
glaci.o ice
glas.o (drinking) glass, tumbler
glat.a smooth, sleek
glit.ar to glide, slide, slip
glut.ar to swallow, gulp down (also fig.)
glutin.ar (tr./intr.) to stick, paste, glue (together)
grad.o step (of stairs); rank, grade; degree (temperature etc); degree (academic); size (of shoes etc)
grand.a big, large, great
gras.o fat, grease
grat.ar to scrape (against), scratch (lightly)
gratitud.ar (ulu pri ulo) to be grateful to
gratitud.oza grateful
gratuit.a free (of cost), gratuitous
gratul.ar to congratulate
grav.a heavy; (fig.) weighty, momentous, grave; (accent) grave
grek.a Greek
Greki.a Greece
griz.a grey, (US) gray
gros.a bulky, fat, gross, thick
grup.o group; clump (of trees); flock (of sheep)
guid.ar to guide
gust.ar (tr.) to taste (something)
gut.o drop (of liquid)
guvern.ar to govern (child, ship, in politics, grammar, machinery, etc), rule directly
H
ha! ha!, ah!
habil.a clever, skilful, adroit
habit.ar to inhabit, live in (permanently)
hal.o very large room, hall
halt.ar (intr.) to halt, stop (in travel or movement)
har.o (a single) hair (of a person's head)
har.ar.o hair (collectively, on a person's head)
hard.a hard (not soft)
hast.ar (intr.) to hurry, hasten
hav.ar to have (something)
hazard.o chance occurrence, (hap)hazard
help.ar to help, assist, aid
hem.o home
herb.o herbaceous plant, herb (bot.); (fig.) grass
hezit.ar to hesitate, falter
hier.e yesterday
hik.e here
hispan.a Spanish
Hispani.a Spain
histori.o history
ho.di.e today, this day
hobi.o hobby
hok.o hook
hom.o human, man (human being)
honest.a honest
honor.o honour, (US) honor
hor.o hour
horloj.o clock, timepiece
hospital.o hospital
hotel.o hotel
humid.a humid, damp, moist
humil.a humble, meek
humor.o temper, mood, humour, (US) humor (state of mind)
humur.o humour, (US) humor (appreciation of the comic or ludicrous)
hund.o dog
Hungari.a Hungary
hungr.ar to be hungry (also fig.)
I
ibe (adv.) there
ica (= ca) this (adj.)
ici (= ci) these (pron.), these things
ico (= co) this (pron.), this thing
-id- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ide.o idea
-ig- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ig.ar to make, cause, render
ignor.ar to ignore, disregard, refuse to acknowledge
il (= ilu) he, him
-il- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ilu he, him
ilu.a his
-im- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
imagin.ar to imagine
imaj.o picture, image, visual representation
imit.ar to imitate
imped.ar to impede, hamper, hinder
imper.ar to order (e.g. that something be done), command
import.ar to matter, be important
imprim.ar to print (a book, paper, etc)
-in- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
incit.ar to incite, urge on
-ind- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
Indi.a India
indij.ar to lack, be in want of
indik.ar to indicate, point out, denote
indolent.a lazy, indolent, slothful
industri.o industry
indut.ar to coat (with paint, plaster etc), paint (a wall etc)
infant.o infant (child under 7 years of age)
influ.ar to influence
inform.ar to inform
infr.a lowest, bottom (of different levels)
infr.e (adv.) at the bottom or lowest part
injenior.o engineer
inklin.ar (tr./intr.) to incline (phys., mental), lean; be disposed
inkluz.ar to include, enclose, inclose
insekt.o insect
insert.ar to insert
insist.ar to insist, be insistent
inspekt.ar to inspect, examine, oversee
instant.o instant, moment (of time)
instrukt.ar to teach (someone), instruct
instrument.o instrument
insul.o island, isle
insult.ar to insult
inteligent.a intelligent
intenc.ar to intend, have in view
intenc.o intent, intention
intens.a intense
inter (prep.) between; among
inter.nacion.a international
interdikt.ar to prohibit, forbid
interes.ar to interest
intern.a internal, inner, interior, inside
introdukt.ar to introduce (someone or something)
inund.ar (tr.) to flood, overflow
invent.ar to invent
invit.ar to invite
ips.a selfsame, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves (used for emphasis immediately after a pronoun)
ir.ar to go (be on one's way)
irac.ar (kontre) to be angry
irg.a any (whatever)
irg.o anything (whatever)
irg.u anyone at all
irg.ube wherever
irga.lok.e anywhere
irge.kande whenever, no matter when
Irland.o Ireland
-ism- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
-ist- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
ita (= ta) that, those (adj.)
Itali.a Italy
iter.ar to do again, repeat (an action), iterate
iti (= ti) those (pron.), those ones
ito (= to) that (pron.), that thing
-iv- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
-iz- (suf.) (see list of suffixes)
J
ja already
jac.ar to lie (on something)
jaluz.a jealous
januar.o January
Japoni.a Japan
jar.o jar (container)
jen.ar to discomfort, incommode, inconvenience
jeneroz.a generous
jet.ar to throw
jok.ar to joke, jest, banter
jorn.o daytime, day (opposite of night)
jovdi.o Thursday
joy.ar to be joyful, be glad
joy.o joy
ju.ar to enjoy
judik.ar to judge (general, not legal sense), deem
juli.o July
juni.o June
junt.ar (tr.) to join (place one thing in contact with another)
jup.o skirt; kilt
jurnal.o newspaper, gazette, journal
jus (adv.) just, just now (e.g. il jus arivis = he's just arrived)
just.a right, proper, correct (of measure, time, word, thought etc)
juvel.o jewel
K
ka, kad whether, if; (also used at the beginning of a sentence to turn it into a question)
kafe.o coffee (substance or drink)
kalkul.ar to calculate
kalm.a calm (of objects; fig. of persons), still, placid
kalz.o stocking
kam (adv.) than, as, to (in comparison)
kambi.ar to exchange (money, goods), barter
kamer.o camera
kamion.o lorry, dray, (US) truck
kamiz.o shirt; chemise
Kanad.a Canada
kande, kand when
kanson.o (a) song
kant.ar to sing
kap.o head (anat. & fig.)
kapabl.a capable, able
kapt.ar to capture, catch
kar.a dear (showing affection)
karakter.o character (distinctive quality)
karn.o flesh; meat
karot.o carrot (plant & root)
karton.o cardboard
kat.o cat
katen.o chain (pr. & fig.)
kaud.o tail (also fig.)
kaul.o cabbage
kauz.o cause (of an event)
kav.a hollow, sunken
kaval.o horse; (in chess) knight
kavalk.ar to ride (as on a horse)
kaz.o case (all senses: jur., gram., med. & general, except casing)
ke (konj.) that (see also: dum ke, pro ke, etc)
kelk.a some (of), a few (of), a little (of)
kin five
kirk.o church (building)
kis.ar to kiss
klam.ar (tr.) to shout, exclaim
klar.a clear (to sight or hearing), (fig.) plain, evident
klas.o class (all senses)
klef.o key (for a lock; also fig.)
klem.ar to tighten, clench (e.g., screw, knot, brake, joint, hand)
klim.ar to climb (up)
klok.o (of time) o'clock, hour on the clock
klosh.o bell (also anything bell-shaped)
klov.o nail (metal)
kloz.ar (tr.) to shut, close
klub.o club (social)
koakt.ar to compel, force, coerce
koincid.ar (kun) to coincide (in form or in time)
kol.o neck (anat. & fig.)
kold.a cold (pr. & fig.)
kolekt.ar (tr.) to collect, gather together
koli.ar (tr.) to pluck (fruits, flowers, etc)
kolin.o hill
kolor.o colour, (US) color
kom (prep.) as (being), in the capacity of (e.g. 'la arboro komencis kom semino' = the tree began as a seed)
kom.o comma (in text)
kombat.ar (tr./intr.) to fight
kombin.ar (tr.) to combine
komenc.ar (tr./intr.) to begin, start, commence
komend.ar to order (goods, etc)
koment.ar (tr.) to comment on
komerc.ar (intr.) to trade, deal
komerc.o trade, commerce
komfort.o comfort
komik.a comic, ludicrous
komod.o chest of drawers, commode (of drawers)
kompan.o companion
kompani.o company (business, military)
kompar.ar (tr.) to compare
kompat.ar (tr./intr.) to pity, commiserate (with), be compassionate
kompat.o pity, compassion, mercy
komplet.a complete
komplik.ar to complicate
kompoz.ar to put together, compound (make by combining parts), compose (not in printing)
kompr.ar to buy, purchase
kompren.ar to understand
kompres.ar to squeeze, compress
komun.a common (pertaining to several), joint
komunik.ar (tr./intr.) to communicate, impart; be connected by passage
koncern.ar to relate or belong to, concern (relate to)
koncern.o concern, affair
koncienc.o conscience
kondut.ar to behave (in some manner), conduct oneself
kondut.o behaviour, conduct
konekt.ar to connect (one thing with another, mechanically or electrically)
konfund.ar (... kun; ad) to confuse (things in one's mind), muddle (in one's mind)
konjuncion.o conjunction (gram., astr.)
konkord.ar (intr.) to agree, be in agreement, be concordant
konoc.ar to know (be acquainted with)
konsent.ar to agree (to something or with someone), consent
konsider.ar to consider, think carefully about
konsil.ar to advise, counsel
konsist.ar (ek, ye) to consist, be composed (of)
konstituc.ar to constitute, form
konstrukt.ar to build, construct
konsult.ar to consult (someone or something)
konsum.ar to consume, use up, wear out, expend
kont.ar (tr.) to count (add up)
kontakt.ar (kun) to be in touch, have contact
konten.ar to contain, hold
kontent.a contented, satisfied
kontinu.a continuous
kontor.o bureau, office
kontre (prep.) against, contrary to, versus
kontrol.ar to check, verify
konven.ar (intr/imp) (intr.) to suit, be fitting; (also impers.) be appropriate
konvers.ar to converse
konvink.ar to convince
kopi.ar to copy, make a copy of
koqu.ar (tr.) to cook
kord.o line, string, cord, rope; (geom.) chord
kordi.o heart (also fig.)
Kore.a Korea
korekt.a correct, right
korespond.ar to correspond (relate or conform in character; communicate by letter)
korp.o body (entire physical being; main part)
kostum.o costume, dress, garb
koton.o cotton
kovr.ar to cover
koz.o thing
krayon.o pencil, crayon
kre.ar to create
kred.ar to believe (someone, something)
kresk.ar (intr.) to grow
kri.ar (intr.) to scream, cry out
kruc.o cross
krud.a raw, uncooked; crude, unworked (also fig.)
kruel.a cruel
kuk.o cake
kul.o bottom (of an object)
kulier.o spoon
kulp.ar to be at fault, commit a fault, fail in one's duty
kultel.o knife
kultiv.ar to cultivate (soil, plants, the mind, the arts, etc), till
kun (prep.) with (in company with)
kun.e together
kun.ven.ar to meet, come together
kur.ar to run
kurac.ar to treat (medically)
kuraj.ar ? to be courageous
kurt.a short, brief
kurv.a curved, bent
kusen.o cushion, pillow
kush.ar (tr.) to lay down to rest, put to bed
kush.ar su to lie down to rest, go to bed
kust.ar (tr.) to cost, be bought for
kustum.ar (tr.) to be accustomed to, be used to
kustum.o custom, habit
kuz.o cousin
L
la the
labor.ar (tr./intr.) to work (intr.), work (earth, iron, wood, etc)
lacer.ar (tr.) to tear, rip; lacerate
lag.o lake
lakrim.o tear
lakt.o milk
lamp.o lamp
lan.o wool
land.o a country, a land
lang.o tongue (anat. & tech.)
larj.a broad, wide
las.ar to let, allow; leave (behind)
last.a last (in time or space)
later.o side (geom., archit.)
laud.ar to praise, laud
laut.a loud (voice or sound)
lav.ar (tr.) to wash; launder
lecion.o lesson, lecture
led.a ugly
ledr.o leather
leg.o law (natural, moral, social, legislative)
legum.o vegetable
lejer.a light (in weight or force); (fig.) not severe
lekt.ar to read
lent.a slow
lern.ar to learn
letr.o letter (correspondence)
lev.ar to lift (up), raise
li they, them
li.a their, theirs
liber.a free (from restraint), at liberty
libr.o book
lig.ar to tie, fasten, bind
lign.o wood (the material)
limit.o limit, bound(s)
line.o line (geom., writing, genealogy, etc)
lingu.o language
liquid.a liquid
list.o list
lit.o bed (for sleeping; also fig. of a river etc)
liter.o letter (of the alphabet)
liv.ar (tr.) to leave, depart from (a place or person), quit
livr.ar to deliver (goods, etc)
loj.ar (intr.) to lodge, live (at a stated place)
lok.o place, locality, spot
lokac.ar to hire, rent
long.a long (of time or space), tall
lor (prep.) at the time of (an event), at the same time as
lor.e then, at that time
lu he, she, it (common gender form)
lu.a his, her, hers, its
lud.ar (intr.) (per) to play (in a game or sport)
lug.ar to let, rent (out), hire (out)
lukt.ar (intr.) (kontre) to wrestle; (fig.) struggle, strive
lum.ar (intr.) to shine, give light (also fig.)
lum.o light
lun.o moon
lundi.o Monday
M
ma but
mal.a bad; evil
malad.a sick, ill, unwell
maleol.o ankle
malgre (prep.) despite, in spite of, notwithstanding
malgre ke although, even though
manier.o manner, way of behaving or of doing anything
manj.ar to eat, (fig.) consume
mank.ar (intr.) to be lacking, be missing
manu.o hand
map.o map
mar.o sea
march.ar (intr.) to walk, step, tread; march
mardi.o Tuesday
mariaj.ar (tr.) to unite in wedlock, marry (others)
mark.o mark, token, stamp
mart.o March
mas.o mass (body of matter)
mashin.o machine, engine
maskul.a male, masculine
materi.o material, matter, stuff (also fig.)
matin.o morning, forenoon
matr.o mother
matur.a mature, ripe
maxim (adv.) most (preceding an adjective or adverb)
may.o May
me I, me
me.a my, mine
medicin.o medicine (science, profession)
medik.o physician, doctor (of medicine)
medikament.o medicine (for an illness)
mem (adv.) even, still (e.g. 'mem hundi natas' = even dogs swim)
membr.o member (of a club, society, etc); limb (arm or leg)
memor.ar (tr.) to remember, recollect
mencion.ar to mention
ment.o mind (n.)
menti.ar to lie (tell an untruth)
menton.o chin
merit.ar to deserve, merit
merkat.o market (public place for selling; also fig.)
merkurdi.o Wednesday
mesaj.o message
mestier.o trade, craft, occupation (manual)
metal.o metal
metod.o method
metr.o metre (measure; poetic)
mez.a middle (adj.), median
mez.o middle (n.), midst
mezur.ar to measure; (land) survey
mi- (pref.) semi-, hemi-, demi-
mikr.a small, little
mil thousand
mili.o mile
milion.o million
milit.ar (intr.) (por, kontre) to make war, (fig.) militate
milit.o war
min (adv.) less (preceding an adjective or adverb)
minim (adv.) least (preceding an adjective or adverb)
minus (prep.) minus
minut.o minute (of time or angle)
mis- (pref.) mis- (see list of prefixes)
mix.ar (tr.) to mix, blend; shuffle (cards)
mobl.o piece of furniture
modern.a modern
modest.a modest (not pretentious or ostentatious; not presumptuous)
mol.a soft, yielding easily to pressure; tender, mellow
monat.o month
mond.o world
monet.o coin, cash, change
mont.o mountain, mount
montr.ar (tr.) to show
mord.ar to bite (also fig.)
morg.e tomorrow
mort.ar to die (also fig., e.g. of fire, of a movement)
motiv.o motive, reason; motif
motor.o motor
mov.ar (tr./intr.) to move, set in motion, propel
moyen.o means (through which something is done)
mulier.o woman
mult.a many, much
mur.o wall
must.ar to have to (from necessity)
must.as must (from need)
muton.o sheep
muzik.ar (intr.) to play music
muzik.o music
N
nacion.o nation
naiv.a naive
nam (konj.) for, since (conj.), seeing that
narac.ar to narrate, tell (something that happened)
narac.o narrative, story, account
nask.ar (intr.) to be born
nat.ar to swim
natur.o nature (all senses)
nav.o ship; nave (of a church)
naz.o nose
ne (adv.) not
ne- (pref.) non- (see list of prefixes)
nebul.o fog
neces.a necessary
Nederland.o Netherlands
neglij.ar to neglect
nek ... nek neither ... nor
net.a clean, spotless; (of price) net, nett
ni we, us
ni.a our, ours
nigr.a black
nilon.o nylon
niv.ar (imp.) to snow
no no (opposite of yes)
noc.ar (tr.) to harm, injure
nod.o knot (in string, etc; unit of speed)
nokt.o night
nom.o name
nombr.o number (indicating quantity; gram.)
non nine
nord.o north
norm.o norm
Norvegi.a Norway
not.ar to note down, set down in writing
nov.a new
Nov-Zeland.o New Zealand
novembr.o November
nuanc.o nuance (of tone, meaning, colour etc)
nub.o cloud
nul.a no (adj.), not any
nul.o nothing
nul.temp.e never
nul.u no-one, nobody
numer.o number (indicating order or succession (not quantity); e.g. the number of a house or room)
nun (adv.) now
nur (adv) only (adv.)
nur.a sole
nutr.ar to nourish, feed
nutr.iv.o nourishment, food
O
o (= od) (konj.) or
o ... o (= od ... od) (konj.) either ... or
obedi.ar (tr.) to obey
objecion.ar (tr.) to object to, adduce as an objection to or reason against
objekt.o object (tangible or visible; focus of thought or feelings)
oblivi.ar to forget
observ.ar to observe, watch carefully
obskur.a obscure (all senses)
obstakl.o obstacle, hindrance, impediment (also fig.)
obten.ar to obtain, get
ocid.ar to slay, kill with violence
od (= o) (konj.) or
od ... od (= o ... o) (konj.) either ... or
odor.ar (intr.) to smell (have a smell or scent)
odor.o smell, scent, odour, (US) odor
ofic.o office (position, function), post, duty
ofic.al.a official
oficir.o officer (military, naval; of an order)
ofr.ar to offer, proffer
oft.a repeated, frequent
oft.e often
ok eight
okazion.o occasion, opportunity
oktobr.o October
okul.o eye
okup.ar to occupy
ol (= olu) (pron.) it
old.a old (opposite of young)
ole.o oil
oli (pron.) they (those things)
olu (pron.) it
olu.a its
ombr.o shadow, shade
omis.ar to omit
omn.a all, every (collective sense)
omn.i all, everybody (collectively)
omn.o everything
omn.u everyone
on (= onu) (pron.) one (someone), they (as used loosely)
ond.o wave, swell (of water, also fig.)
onkl.o uncle or aunt
onkl.in.o aunt
onkl.ul.o uncle
onu (pron.) one (someone)
onu.a one's
onyon.o onion
opinion.ar to opine, hold an opinion
opinion.o opinion
opoz.ar to put (someone or something) in opposition, set opposite
or.o gold
ordin.ar to put in order, arrange (in proper order)
ordinar.a ordinary, common
orel.o ear
ost.o bone
ov.o egg
-oz- (suf.) -ful, -ous (see list of suffixes)
P
pac.o peace
pacient.a patient (adj.)
paf.ar to shoot (with a firearm)
pag.ar (ulu ye ulo, ulo ad ulu) to pay (someone or something), pay for (something; also fig.)
pagin.o page (of a book etc)
pak.o bundle, package, parcel
pak.et.o packet
pal.a pale, pallid
palp.ar to feel (by touch), feel about
pan.o bread
pantalon.o (long) trousers, (US) pants
paper.o paper
par.o pair, couple
pardon.ar to forgive, pardon (s-o. or s-t.)
park.o park (n.)
parol.ar (intr.) (pri) to speak, talk
part.o part, portion; part (in games, music etc)
partikular.a particular, special, peculiar, specific
pas.ar (tr./intr.) to pass (one's life, time etc), pass (through, above, etc.)
pasabl.a passable, fair, middling, mediocre
patr.o father
pauz.ar to pause
pavor.ar (tr./intr.) to be (instinctively or emotionally) afraid (of)
paz.ar to step, stride
paz.o step, pace
pec.o piece; lump (e.g. of sugar)
ped.o foot (anat. & fig.); paw; foot (of verse)
pekuni.o money, cash
pel.o skin; hide (on the body)
pend.ar (tr./intr.) to hang (up, down), dangle
pens.ar (tr./intr.) to think
per (prep.) by means of, by, with (some means); (arith.) multiplied by
perd.ar to lose (something), lose out
perfekt.a perfect
period.o period
perman.ar to be permanent, exist indefinitely
perman.ant.a permanent
permis.ar to permit, allow
person.o person (also gram.)
persuad.ar to persuade
pesk.ar to fish, angle
petr.o stone (material)
pez.ar (intr.) to weigh (have a certain weight)
pikt.ar to paint (pictures)
pikt.ur.o painting, (painted) picture
plac.o square (in a town), place, piazza
plad.o plate (dish to eat off)
plafon.o ceiling
plaj.o beach
plan.a flat, level, plane
plank.o plank, board
plant.o plant (bot.)
plantac.ar to plant (seeds etc in the ground)
plas.o place (for a person or thing), space for one
plat.a (having an) even or flat (surface); (fig.) dull, flat
ple.ar to play (a musical instrument, role in a play, etc)
plen.a full
plend.ar to complain; (jur.) lodge a complaint
plez.ar (tr./intr.) to please, be pleasing
plezur.o pleasure
plor.ar to cry, weep
plu (adv.) more (before an adj. or adv.)
plum.o feather, plume; pen (for writing), quill
plunj.ar (intr.) to dive, plunge
plur.a several
plus further(more), in addition; plus (arith.)
plus.a additional, extra
pluv.ar (imp.) to rain
po (prep.) for, at the price of, in exchange for; per
pok.a few, little
polic.o maintenance of public order and security, policing
polit.a polite, civil (in manner)
polon.a Polish
Poloni.a Poland
polv.o dust, powder
pom.o apple
pont.o bridge; culvert; gangplank, gangway (nav.)
popul.o people (of a town, country etc), population
popular.a popular
por (prep.) for, on behalf of
pord.o door; gate; doorway
pork.o pig
port.ar to carry, bear, take, bring (of person, vehicle, wind, water etc); wear (clothes, watch etc)
portu.o port (sea or air), harbour, (US) harbor
Portugal Portugal
pos (prep.) after (in time)
pos.di.mez.o afternoon
posed.ar to possess
posh.o pocket
posibl.a possible
post.o postal service, post, mail
postul.ar to demand, require, exact (something from someone)
pot.o pot, jug, pan (for holding something or for cooking)
pov.ar to be able (to do something)
pov.as can (v.)
povr.a poor, needy
poz.ar to place, put, set, lay down (lit. & fig.)
praktik.ar to practise, (US) practice, put in practice, exercise; observe (a rule etc)
prec.o price, charge (lit. & fig.)
precipu.a main, principal
preciz.a precise (not used of a person), exact, strictly defined or determined (e.g., preciza nombro)
prefer.ar to prefer (like better)
preg.ar (tr.) to pray; beg (s-o. for s-t.), beseech
pren.ar to take, take hold of
prepar.ar to prepare
pres.ar to press
preske (adv.) almost, nearly
prest.ar to lend (s-t. to s-o.), loan
pretend.ar (tr.) to claim (lay claim to)
preter (prep.) past, beyond
prevent.ar to prevent
prezent.a present (here or now)
pri (prep.) about, concerning, re
printemp.o spring(time)
privat.a private (adj.)
priz.ar to appreciate, prize, value
prizent.ar to present, set or place before
pro (prep.) because of, owing to, out of, on account of
pro ke (konj.) because
pro quo why
prob.ar to try out, attempt, test (something); assay
probabl.a likely, probable
problem.o problem
produkt.ar to produce, bring forth
profesion.o profession (occupational)
profit.ar (tr.) to profit from, benefit from
profit.o profit, benefit
profund.a deep, profound; (fig.) abstruse
projet.ar (tr.) to plan, form a project of
promen.ar to (go for a) walk, stroll
promis.ar to promise (something (to someone); to do something)
pront.a ready, prepared
proporcion.o proportion, ratio
propoz.ar to propose (offer for consideration); propound; move (a resolution)
propr.a own, proper, belonging (to)
propriet.ar to own
protekt.ar to protect
proviz.ar to provide (s-o. with s-t.), supply
proxim (prep.) near (to), close to (in time or space)
prudent.a prudent, cautious
prunt.ar to borrow
pruv.ar to prove (truth or validity)
publik.a public
puer.o child (over 7 years of age)
puer.in.o girl
puer.ul.o boy
puls.ar to push, thrust, impel; beat (e.g., heart), throb, pulsate
punis.ar to punish
punt.o point (geom., typo., games); full stop, (US) period (punctuation)
pur.a pure
Q
qua (pron.) who, what, which (refers to a definite person or thing, sing., interrog. & rel.)
quadrat.a square (geom., arith.)
qual.a what sort of, what kind of, what a, like
qual.e how, as
quankam (konj.) although, though
quant.a how much, how many (adj.)
quar four
quer.ar to fetch
question.ar to question (s-o.)
qui who, which (plural, interrog. & rel.)
quik (adv.) immediately. at once
quo what, which (sing.; interrog. & rel.; used as an interrog. refers to something indefinite, e.g. 'quo eventis?' = what happened?)
R
rakont.ar (tr.) to tell (a tale, a story)
rakont.o tale, story
rang.o row, tier, range; rank
rapid.a fast, quick, rapid
rar.a rare, unusual, infrequent
rar.e seldom, rarely
real.a real, actual
recent.a recent
recev.ar to receive
red.a red
redakt.ar to edit (a newspaper, journal etc)
reflekt.ar (tr./intr.) to reflect (phys., mental, gram.)
refuz.ar to refuse, decline
regard.ar to regard (look at attentively)
region.o region (all senses)
registr.o register, record book; account book
regret.ar to regret, be sorry about
regul.ar to regulate (tech. & fig.)
reklam.ar (tr.) to advertise
rekomend.ar to recommend, commend
rekt.a straight (not curved or crooked)
relat.ar (tr.) to relate to; be connected to (by business etc)
remark.ar (tr.) to notice
remplas.ar to replace (take or be in the place of)
renkontr.ar to meet, encounter
repar.ar to mend, repair, restore
repast.ar (intr.) to have a meal, eat (a meal)
repast.o meal
repet.ar (tr.) to tell or say again, repeat (something said)
repoz.ar to rest (take a rest), repose
repres.ar to restrain, hold back, check, suppress, repress
rept.ar to crawl, creep (also fig.)
respekt.ar to respect
respir.ar (tr./intr.) to breathe, respire
respond.ar (tr./intr.) to reply, answer, respond
rest.ar to remain, stay
reten.ar to keep (back), retain, withhold; (arith.) carry
retro (adv.) backwards, back
retro- (pref.) re- (indicating return; see list of prefixes)
rev.ar to day-dream
revenu.o revenue; income
rezid.ar to reside, dwell, live
rezist.ar to resist, stand firm against, not yield to, withstand
rezult.ar (de) to result, be the consequence
rich.a rich (lit. & fig.)
rid.ar to laugh
rid.et.ar to smile
rigid.a rigid, stiff, inflexible (lit. & fig.)
risk.ar (tr.) to risk, hazard, venture
riv.o shore, coast (by a sea); bank (of a river)
river.o river, (large) stream
riz.o rice
robinet.o tap, cock, (US) faucet, spigot
rok.o (a) rock, boulder
rol.o role, rôle (theat. & gen.), part, character
rond.a round (adj.)
rot.o wheel
rud.a rough (of things, persons, manners), uncouth, rude (lacking refinement)
rul.ar (tr./intr.) to roll, roll along; roll (of a ship)
rupt.ar (tr./intr.) to break, snap, rupture
rur.o country (as opposed to town)
rus.a Russian
Rusi.a Russia
S
sabl.o sand
saj.a wise, sensible
sak.o sack, bag, pouch (also anat. & bot.)
salad.o salad
salari.ar to pay salary or wages to
salari.o salary, wage(s)
salon.o drawing room, parlour, (US) parlor
salt.ar (intr.) to leap, jump, bound
salut.ar to greet, salute
salut.o greeting, salute
salv.ar to save (from danger etc), rescue; salvage
sam.a same
san.a healthy, well; (fig.) sound
sandwich.o sandwich
sang.o blood
sapor.ar (intr.) to taste (have a certain taste)
sapor.o flavour, (US) flavor, taste
satisfac.ar to fulfil or satisfy (a duty, expectation, promise); discharge (an obligation)
saturdi.o Saturday
sav.ar to know (by learning), have a knowledge of, know how (to do s-t.)
se (konj.) if
sed.o bottom (of the body), backside
segun (prep.) according to
sek.ar to make a cut in, cut partially through; section (divide into sections)
sekret.a secret
sekund.o second (of time or angle)
sekur.a safe, secure
selekt.ar to choose, select
sem.ar to sow (lit. & fig.), scatter seeds
seman.o week
sembl.ar (intr.) to seem, appear (to be)
sempr.e (adv.) always
sen (prep.) without
senc.o sense, meaning
send.ar to send, cause to go
sent.ar to feel (a sensation)
sentiment.o sentiment, mental feeling, emotional attitude
sep seven
separ.ar (tr.) to separate, part
septembr.o September
sequ.ar to follow (lit. & fig.)
serch.ar to seek, look for, search for
seri.o series, row, file, queue
serioz.a serious, grave (not frivolous, not trivial)
serur.o lock (for fastening)
serv.ar (tr./intr.) to serve, be of service to
sever.a severe, stern, harsh, strict
sezon.o season (of the year)
sfer.o sphere
sham.ar (intr.) to be ashamed
sham.o shame (the emotion)
shok.ar to strike against; shock (mentally)
shok.o shock (physical or mental), impact
shu.o shoe
shultr.o shoulder
sid.ar to sit (be sitting); (fig.) lie, reside (of things)
sign.o sign (natural or artificial), mark (indication)
signifik.ar to mean, signify
sik.a dry (adj.)
silk.o silk
simil.a similar, like, alike
simpl.a simple, uncomplicated, not complex; plain, unadorned
sincer.a sincere
singl.a each
singl.u each one (person), each (pron.)
sinistr.a left (adj.), left-hand, (nav.) port
sink.ar (tr./intr.) to sink, settle, subside
sior.o sir (or madam)
sior.in.o Mrs, Miss, madam, lady (woman)
sior.ul.o Mr, sir, gentleman (man)
sis six
situ.ar to site, place, locate, seat
siz.ar to seize, grab; (fig.) grasp (e.g. an opportunity)
skol.o school (educational establishment; group of disciples)
skop.o aim, objective, purpose, goal, target
skot.a Scottish
Skoti.a Scotland
skrap.ar to scrape (off), abrade
skrib.ar to write, write out
soci.o society (in general), community (people in a locality)
soci.et.o society (club)
sol.a alone
soldat.o soldier
solid.a solid (not liquid; geom.); (fig.) firm, sound
solv.ar to solve (a problem etc); loosen (of a solute)
somer.o summer
somit.o summit (highest point)
son.ar (intr.) to sound (emit a sound), strike (of a clock)
sonj.ar to dream (while asleep)
sordid.a dirty, sordid, soiled; (fig.) nasty, foul
sorg.ar to take care of, look after
sort.o sort, kind
sovaj.a wild, savage (untamed); (fig.) fierce
spac.o space
spec.o species; (fig.) kind
spegul.o mirror
spens.ar to spend, expend (money, effort etc)
splendid.a splendid, magnificent
spoli.ar to rob, plunder, loot, despoil, pillage
sport.o sport
spoz.o spouse
spoz.in.o wife
spoz.ul.o husband
stac.ar (intr.) to stand (upright)
stacion.o station (place, building)
stal.o steel
stand.ar to be (well, ill etc; e.g., quale vu standas? = how are you?)
stand.o state (of being), condition
stat.o state (political)
stel.o star (all senses)
stipul.ar (tr.) to stipulate
stof.o fabric, cloth, stuff
ston.o pebble, small stone
strad.o street
stranj.a strange, odd
stranjer.a foreign, not native; (fig.) extraneous
strek.o dash (written), stroke; (geom.) straight line
stret.a narrow
student.o student, undergraduate
studi.ar (tr./intr.) to study (s-t., about s-t.)
stul.o chair (seat with a back)
stult.a foolish, silly
stult.o fool
sturm.o storm (with thunder & lightning)
su (reflex. pron., 3rd person, sing. or plur.) herself, himself, itself, oneself, themselves
su.a her own, his own, its own, one's own, their own
sub (prep.) under, beneath, below
subit.a sudden
subjekt.o subject (gram., log.)
substantiv.o noun
suces.ar to succeed (be successful)
suci.ar (tr.) to be concerned or anxious about, care about
sud.o south
sued.a Swedish
Suedi.a Sweden
sufic.ar to suffice, be sufficient
sufl.ar (tr./intr.) to blow, blow upon; prompt (theatre); huff (draughts, checkers)
sufr.ar (tr./intr.) (de, pro) to suffer (from), be afflicted (with)
sug.ar to suck
sugest.ar to suggest, intimate
suis.a Swiss
Suisi.a Switzerland
suk.o juice
sukr.o sugar
sul.o soil
sun.o sun
sundi.o Sunday
sup.o soup
super (prep.) over, above (also fig.)
suport.ar to support (lit., fig.), bear the weight of
supoz.ar to suppose, assume (take for granted)
supr.a top (highest up in space or degree)
supr.e on top, on high, aloft; (fig.) upstairs
sur (prep.) on, upon, on top of; (arith.) divided by
surfac.o surface, outside; (fig.) appearance
surpriz.ar to surprise, take unawares
surtut.o overcoat, greatcoat
suspekt.ar to suspect, distrust
T
ta (= ita) that, those (adj.)
tabl.o table (furniture)
tal.a such (of that kind), such like
tal.e so, in such a manner, thus
tam ... kam as ... as (e.g., tam granda kam)
tamen (konj.) however, nevertheless
tant.a so much, so many
tant.e so (followed by an adjective or adverb)
tard.a late, tardy
tas.o cup
task.o task, job
te.o tea (leaves; infusion)
ted.ar to bore; (fig.) weary
tekt.o roof; top (of car or carriage)
tem.o topic, subject, theme
temp.o time (duration); tense (of a verb); tempo (mus.)
ten.ar to hold
tenebr.o (the) dark, darkness, gloom
tens.ar (tr.) to strain (draw taut), stretch, tense (also fig.); cock (a gun); wind up (a clock)
tent.ar to tempt, entice
ter.o earth; Earth
ter.pom.o potato
teror.ar (intr.) to be terrified, be (badly) frightened
teror.o terror, fright
text.o text
ti (= iti) those (pron.), those ones
til (prep.) until, till (in time); to, up to, as far as (in space)
tim.ar to fear (for a reason), be apprehensive
tip.o type (print., med., nat. hist.); conceptual model having traits characteristic of a group
tir.ar to pull, draw, tug; draw (of chimneys)
titul.o title (of a book, article, person, etc)
to (= ito) that (pron.), that thing
toler.ar to tolerate, put up with, endure
tomat.o tomato
tondr.ar (imp/intr) to thunder (also fig.)
tondr.o thunder
tord.ar to twist, wring, contort; sprain; warp (wood)
tot.a whole, entire
tra (prep.) through
traduk.ar (de ... ad) to translate (from one language to another)
trahiz.ar to betray
trakt.ar to deal with, behave toward, treat, handle (a person or subject)
tranch.ar to cut through, cut off; carve, cut up
tranquil.a still, tranquil, quiet (physically or mentally)
trans (prep.) on the other side of, beyond, across
transport.ar to transport, convey
tre (adv.) very
trem.ar (pro, de) to tremble, shake, shiver; flutter (of wings); quaver (music); flicker (light)
tren.o train (railway)
tri three
trist.a sad, doleful (of persons or things)
tro (adv.) too (followed by an adjective or adverb)
tromp.ar to deceive
trov.ar to find, come across
tru.o hole
trubl.ar to disturb, trouble
trup.o band (company of people having a common purpose), troup; herd, flock
tu thou, you (familiar form of 'you', like French 'tu', German 'du')
tu.a thy, thine, your (see 'tu')
tub.o tube, pipe
tuk.o (piece of) cloth
tur.o tour
turb.o crowd, throng
turk.a Turkish
Turki.a Turkey
turn.ar (tr./intr.) to turn (around an axis), turn around
tush.ar to touch (physically)
U
ube (adv.) where
ucel.o bird
ul.a any, some (indeterminite)
ul.a.lok.e somewhere
ul.o something
ul.u anyone, someone
ultr.e (prep.) besides
un one (1)
un.esm.a first
un.foy.e one time, once
union.ar (tr.) to unite (join together in purpose)
urb.o town, (US) city
urj.ar to be urgent
us.an.a American (of the USA)
Us.a USA
utensil.o tool, implement, utensil
util.a useful
uz.ar to use, employ (make use of)
V
vagon.o railway carriage, car (railway)
vakanc.ar to have (or, be on) a holiday or (US) vacation
vaku.a empty, void, vacuous
val.o valley, vale, dale
valid.a valid
valor.ar (tr.) to be worth, be equal in value to
van.a futile, fruitless, vain
vanitat.o vanity (conceit)
vapor.o steam, vapour, (US) vapor
var.o ware, commodity; (vari) goods
vari.ar (tr./intr.) to vary, change (in amount or intensity)
varm.a warm (also fig.)
vars.ar (tr.) to pour (out); spill; shed (blood, etc)
vart.ar to await, wait for
vast.a vast, extensive
veh.ar to go or travel in a vehicle (ride, sail, drive or fly)
vek.ar (intr.) to wake, awaken (emerge from sleep)
vek.ig.ar (tr.) to rouse, wake
ven.ar to come
vend.ar to sell
venen.o poison, venom (also fig.)
venerdi.o Friday
vent.o wind
ver.a true (not false)
verb.o verb
verd.a green
verk.o work (literary, artistic etc)
vers (prep.) toward(s), in the direction of
vesper.o evening
vest.o garment, item of clothing
veston.o jacket (man's)
veter.o weather
vetur.o vehicle (wheeled)
vex.ar to annoy, irritate, vex
vi you (plural)
vi.a your(s) (plural)
vice (prep.) instead of
vicin.a neighbouring, (US) neighboring
vicin.o neighbour, (US) neighbor
vid.ar to see
vilaj.o village
vink.ar to conquer, defeat, overcome (an enemy, competitor or obstacle), win
vintr.o winter
violent.ar (tr.) to use violence on
violent.o violence; force (in law)
vir.o man (male adult person)
vitr.o glass (the material)
viv.ar (tr./intr.) to live, be alive
viv.o life
viz.ar (tr./intr.) to aim at (a target, etc); take aim
vizaj.o face (of a person), visage
vizit.ar to visit
voc.o voice (also gram.); (fig.) expression of opinion
vok.ar (tr./intr.) to call (for attention or ask to come), summons
vol.ar (tr.) to want (to), have a will (to)
vort.o word (written or spoken)
voy.o way, road, track, route
voyaj.ar (intr.) to travel, voyage
vu you (sing.)
vu.a your(s) (sing.)
vund.ar to wound
W
Wals Wales
west.o west
XYZ
ya indeed, truly (used for emphasis)
yar.o year
ye (prep.) at, by (preposition used when no other fits the meaning)
yen here is/are, there is/are (e.g., 'yen la ucelo!')
yes yes
yun.a young (adj.)
yur.o right (legal or moral)
yust.a just, fair, equitable
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